This guide is a starting point. For full details on correctly citing resources and creating references, please consult
the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th Ed.) (2020), or Cites & Sources (6th Ed.) (2021).
Please Note! Library staff do not teach APA, and cannot evaluate or correct work. If you need help with APA Style, please contact your instructor.
Reference List Entry: Format (10.2)
Author, A. (Date). Title of book. Publisher name.
| Please Note! To find the date of publication and the name of the publisher for a book, check the title page verso. This page contains all of the publishing information, and is usually the second or third page in a book. It appears before any indexes or introductions to the book. |
Example:
Roach, K. (2019). Canadian justice, Indigenous injustice: The Gerald Stanley and Colten Boushie case. McGill-Queen's University Press.
| Remember! According to APA Style, it is not required to provide a page number when paraphrasing, only the last name(s) of the author(s), and the year of publication. However, a page number can be included if it would help interested readers to find the relevant section in the resource being cited. See section 8.23 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (the Publication Manual). |
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author, Date), e.g.: One potential solution is for the Parliament of Canada to advocate for. . . (Roach, 2019).
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author, Date, Page number), e.g.: "Parliament should consider placing more emphasis on. . ." (Roach, 2019, p. 220).
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author (Date), e.g.: Roach (2019) argues that the Parliament of Canada should advocate for. . .
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author (Date, Page number), e.g.: Roach writes that, "Parliament should consider placing more emphasis on. . ." (2019, p. 33).
Reference List Entry: Format (10.2)
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Date). Title. Publisher.
| Please Note! To find the date of publication and the name of the publisher for a book, check the title page verso. This page contains all of the publishing information, and is usually the second or third page in a book. It appears before any indexes or introductions to the book. |
Example: Gomez, R., Isakov, A., & Semansky, M. (2015). Small business and the city: The transformative potential of small-scale entrepreneurship. (1st ed.). University of Toronto Press.
| Remember! In a reference list entry, up to 20 authors' names can be listed. Each name is separated by a comma, with an ampersand (&) used before the final author's name (9.8). |
| Remember! The edition statement is part of the title. If a work has an edition statement, the edition is included in parentheses following the title (10.2). The edition is not included in the in-text citation. |
| Remember! According to APA Style, it is not required to provide a page number when paraphrasing, only the last name(s) of the author(s), and the year of publication. However, a page number can be included if it would help interested readers to find the relevant section in the resource being cited. See section 8.23 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (the Publication Manual). |
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author & Author, Date) or (Author et al., Date) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: The development of the subway system and the opening of the Yorkdale Shopping Centre eventually lead to. . . (Gomez, Isakov, & Semansky, 2015)
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author & Author, Date, Page number) or (Author et al., Date, page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: "These two events – a subway line extension and the opening of Canada’s first climate-controlled shopping mall – inadvertently set in motion. . . " (Gomez, Isakov, & Semansky, 2015, p. 55)
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author and Author (Date) or Author et al. (Date) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: Gomez, Isakov, and Semansky (2015) link the development of the subway system and the opening of the Yorkdale Shopping Centre with. . .
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author and Author (Date, Page number) or Author et al. (Date, page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: Gomez, Isakov, and Semansky (2015) note that, "These two events – a subway line extension and the opening of Canada’s first climate-controlled shopping mall – inadvertently set in motion . . ." (p. 35)
| Remember! For in-text citations of works with two authors, list the last names of both authors. For works with three authors or more, list the last name of the first author followed by et al. For example, the book Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing was edited by Wendy Diane Duggleby, Barbara J. Astle, Patricia A. Stockert, Amy M. Hall, Anne Griffin Perry, and Patricia Ann Potter. The in-text citation for this book would read, (Duggleby et. al., 2019) or Duggleby et. al. (2019). |
Reference List Entry: Format (10.2)
Author, A. (Date). Title of book. (Translator). Publisher name.
| Please Note! To find the date of publication and the name of the publisher for a book, check the title page verso. This page contains all of the publishing information, and is usually the second or third page in a book. It appears before any indexes or introductions to the book. |
What if the original work and the translated work were published in different years? (9.39)
If the original work and the translated work were published in different years, include the publication date of the original work at the very end of the reference list entry in brackets, e.g.: Author, A. (Date). Title of book. (Translator). Publisher name. (Original work published Date).
Example:
Saulnier, A. (2015). Losing our voice: Radio-Canada under siege. (P. Couture, Trans.) Dundurn Press.
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author, Date), or (Author & Author, Date), or (Author et al., Date) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: The CKAC radio station, based in Montreal, was the first station to. . . (Saulnier & Couture, 2015).
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author, Date, Page number), or (Author & Author, Date, Page number) or (Author et al., Date, Page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: "The first real public radio service worthy of the name in the Montreal area was not Radio-Canada, but rather CKAC, which also owned the daily newspaper La Presse at the time" (Saulnier & Couture, 2015, p. 22).
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author (Date), Author and Author (Dater), or Author et al. (Date) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: Saulnier and Couture note that, contrary to popular belief, the first public radio service in Montreal was not Radio-Canada, but . . . (2015).
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author (Date, Page number), Author and Author (Date, Page number), or Author et al. (Date, Page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: Saulnier and Couture begin by noting that, ""The first real public radio service worthy of the name in the Montreal area was not Radio-Canada, but rather CKAC. . ." (2015, p. 25).
| Remember! For in-text citations of works with two authors, list the last names of both authors. For works with three authors or more, list the last name of the first author followed by et al. |
Reference List Entry: Format (10.3)
Chapter Author, A. (Date). Title of chapter. Editor, E. (Ed.) Title of book. (page numbers of chapter). Publisher name. DOI [if available]
Example:
Dahl, M. (2015). Moving forward: Australian flight nurses in the Korean War. Brooks, J. & Hallett, C.E. (Eds.) One hundred years of wartime nursing practices, 1854-1953. (pp.254-277). Manchester University Press.
| Please Note! To find the date of publication and the name of the publisher for a book, check the title page verso. This page contains all of the publishing information, and is usually the second or third page in a book. It appears before any indexes or introductions to the book. When citing individual chapters, the chapter title and the author of the chapter can be found on the first page of the chapter. |
|
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author, Date), or (Author & Author, Date), or (Author et al., Date) for chapters with three or more authors, e.g.: Australian flight nurses first served during. . . (Dahl, 2015).
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author, Date, Page number), or (Author & Author, Date, Page number), or (Author et al., Date, Page number) for chapters with three or more authors, e.g.: "The flight nurse role in Australia was first established in the Second World War, although it was scaled down within the RAAF at war’s end" (Dahl, 2015, p. 271)
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author (Date), Author and Author (Date), or Author et al. (Date) for chapters with three or more authors, e.g.: Dhal explores that the early history of Australian flight nurses, which began. . . (2015).
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author (Date, Page number), Author and Author (Date, Page number), or Author et al. (Date, Page number) for chapters with three or more authors, e.g.: Dahl notes that, "the flight nurse role in Australia was first established in the Second World War, although it was scaled down within the RAAF at war’s end" (2015, p. 271).
| Remember! For in-text citations of works with two authors, list the last names of both authors. For works with three authors or more, list the last name of the first author followed by et al. |
Reference List Entry: Format (10.2)
Author, A. (Date). Title of book. Publisher name. DOI [if available]
| Please note! The citation style for print books and eBooks is the same, except for the inclusion of a DOI if it's available. Not all eBooks will have a DOI. |
| Remember! There are many different eBook platforms, so screens will look different depending on where the eBook is being accessed. |
Example
Morris, T. & Goldsworthy, S. (2020). Public relations ethics: The real world guide. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003107491
| Please Note! To find the date of publication and the name of the publisher for a book, check the title page verso. This page contains all of the publishing information, and is usually the second or third page in a book. It appears before any indexes or introductions to the book. |
|
Parenthetical Citation (Paraphrase)
(Author, Year), or (Author & Author, Year), or (Author et al., Year) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: The role of public relations in ethics debates is . . (Morris & Goldsworthy, 2020).
Parenthetical Citation (Direct Quotation)
(Author, Year, Page number), or (Author & Author, Year, Page number), or (Author et al., Year, Page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: "In practice, PR’s role in wider ethical debates is limited by a number of factors (Morris & Goldsworthy, 2020, p. 32).
Narrative Citation (Paraphrase)
Author (Year), Author and Author (Year), or Author et al. (Year) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: : Morris and Goldsworthy describe the limitations of the role of public relations. . . (2020).
Narrative Citation (Direct Quotation)
Author (Year, Page number), Author and Author (Year, Page number), or Author et al. (Year, Page number) for books with three or more authors, e.g.: Morris and Goldsworthy argue that, "in practice, PR’s role in wider ethical debates is limited by a number of factors (2020, p. 32).
| Remember! For in-text citations of works with two authors, list the last names of both authors. For works with three authors or more, list the last name of the first author followed by et al. |
This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. (2020). Library staff have reviewed the information in this guide, and to the best of our knowledge, it is accurate. However, mistakes do occur. Students bear sole responsibility for ensuring that their citations are correct, and that their assignments meet the criteria laid out by their instructor. Students are encouraged to contact Peer Tutoring or the Writing Clinic for assistance.